Gymnocalycium schroederianum occurs in Argentina in Buenos Aires, Corrientes, Santa Fe and Entre Ríos, and in Uruguay in Río Negro. This species is common and abundant where it occurs. It has a low dark green body with short whitish spines held close, and white flowers with long tubes. This cactus grows in low open forest on white or pinkish coloured clayey soil that frequently becomes flooded. It occurs near the tops of the range of hills by the town of Olavarría, the Sierra Bayas and other nearby Sierras in the south of Buenos Aires province. It also grows in open, flat land, at the edge of woodland, or under bushes, sometimes in grass and with moss. It grows also in frequently flooded, clayey soil. The major threat to this species may be related to habitat loss. However, because it grows in soils that are not suitable for agriculture or grazing, it is not highly impacted. Gymnocalycium schroederianum is an attractive low growing cactus species barely rising above ground level, usually solitary in habitat, but on occasion branching basally in cultivation to form clusters.