Short description

A centrally acting antiemetic drug that blocks dopamine receptors

pharmachologic effect
Antiemetic, central dopamine receptor blocker. Increases the duration of peristaltic contractions of the antrum of the stomach and duodenum, accelerates gastric emptying if this process slows down, increases the tone of the lower esophageal sphincter, eliminates the development of nausea and vomiting. Domperidone poorly penetrates the BBB, so the use of the drug is rarely accompanied by extrapyramidal effects, especially in adults. Stimulates the release of prolactin from the pituitary gland. The antiemetic effect is possibly due to a combination of peripheral (gastrokinetic) action and antagonism to dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone. Domperidone has no effect on gastric secretion.

Indications
A complex of dyspeptic symptoms associated with delayed gastric emptying, gastroesophageal reflux, esophagitis: a feeling of fullness in the epigastrium, a feeling of bloating, pain in the upper abdomen; belching, flatulence; heartburn with or without throwing the contents of the stomach into the oral cavity. Nausea and vomiting of functional, organic, infectious origin, caused by radiation therapy, drug therapy or diet disturbance, as well as against the background of dopamine agonists in the case of their use in Parkinson's disease (such as L-dopa and bromocriptine).

Method of administration and dosage
The drug is taken orally. In chronic dyspepsia, adults are prescribed 10 mg (1 tab.) 3 times / day 15-30 minutes before meals and, if necessary, before bedtime. Children over 5 years of age are prescribed 2.5 mg per 10 kg of body weight 3 times / day before meals and, if necessary, before bedtime. If necessary, the indicated doses can be doubled. In acute and subacute conditions (primarily nausea and vomiting), adults are prescribed 20 mg (2 tablets) 3-4 times / day before meals and before bedtime. Children over 5 years of age are prescribed 5 mg per 10 kg of body weight 3-4 times / day before meals and at bedtime. In case of renal failure, it is recommended to reduce the frequency of taking the drug.

Side effects
From the digestive system: transient intestinal spasms. From the side of the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system: extrapyramidal disorders (in children and persons with increased BBB permeability). Allergic reactions: skin rash, urticaria. Others: hyperprolactinemia (galactorrhea, gynecomastia).

Contraindications
gastrointestinal bleeding; mechanical obstruction; perforation of the stomach or intestines; a prolactin-secreting pituitary tumor (prolactinoma); children under 5 years of age. It should be used with caution in hepatic / renal failure.

Overdose
Symptoms: drowsiness, disorientation, extrapyramidal reactions (especially in children). Treatment: taking activated carbon, in the event of extrapyramidal reactions - anticholinergic, antiparkinsonian, antihistamines.

special instructions
Since domperidone is excreted unchanged by the kidneys in a small amount, adjustment of a single dose in patients with renal insufficiency is usually not required. However, with repeated prescribing, the frequency of taking the drug should be reduced to 1-2 times / day, depending on the severity of renal failure. It may also be necessary to reduce the dose. With prolonged therapy, patients should be regularly monitored.